According to the Confederation of British Industry (CBI), the UK economy is expected to exit the recession in the 4th quarter of 2009, growth will remain “fragile” and subdued for some time to come, with GDP unlikely to reach pre-recession levels by the end of 2011.
In its latest economic forecast published on 21st December 2009, the CBI predicted the recession would end when UK growth resumes in the 4th quarter of 2009, helped by consumers bringing their spending forward to beat the VAT rise.
However the business group added subsequent growth in the first two quarters of 2010 will be weak at 0.3 per cent, but this should strengthen as the global economic recovery gathers pace, businesses rebuild stocks and household spending recovers.
As a result, the CBI has predicted annual UK GDP growth of 2.5 per cent in 2011, following 1.2 per cent in 2010.
However, despite two years of economic expansion, UK GDP will still not have returned to its pre-recession level by the end of 2011, which illustrates the depth of the recession and the weakness of the economic recovery.
John Cridland, deputy director-general of the CBI, said: “The outlook is brightening as the global economy finds its feet, although we will need to keep our nerve during early 2010, and there is no sign of a clear driver of strong economic growth.
“In the spring many staff will face another cycle of wage freezes, and job losses will continue rising until the autumn. Although the first few months of 2010 will be difficult, growth will gradually pick up and increasing confidence and demand will lead the UK into a more positive 2011. Consumer spending looks to be slightly more resilient than we first thought, and a weaker pound will help to support export growth.”
“However, the economy will be on a fragile path of very slow growth, as we continue to feel the lasting effects of the financial crisis. And it remains vital that government sets out clearer plans to address the fiscal deficit at its next opportunity in order to help shore up future UK economic prospects.”
Meanwhile, the CBI expects unemployment to continue rising over the coming quarters, but peaking slightly lower than previously forecast, at just over 2.8m in the third quarter of 2010.
Elsewhere in the report, the CBI forecast that the planned VAT rise in January will push CPI inflation up sharply before it eases back during 2010 and falls below the Bank of England’s 2 % target throughout 2011.
The UK Bank rate is forecast to start rising in spring 2010, as the Bank of England withdraws some of the monetary stimulus in order to minimise the risk of undesirable inflationary pressure in the medium term.
The CBI said the Bank rate is expected to reach 2 per cent by the end of next year, with no further rises during 2011, to assist the sustainability of the recovery as fiscal policy begins to tighten.
Ian McCafferty, chief economic adviser at the CBI, said: “The UK economy faces a number of structural hurdles over the coming two years, and this recovery – like that of the 1980s – will be relatively drawn out.
“Credit conditions will remain difficult as the banks slowly nurse themselves back to health, consumer spending will be shaped by the need to rebuild savings, and the public sector will soon have to tighten its belt. All three factors will act as headwinds to growth.”